Glossary

Common Ambulance Remounting terms in one convienent place.
Look up definitions to make learning fast and easy.

110V Patient Compartment Outlets

Standard household style receptacles in the module that power medical devices and appliances from inverter, generator, or shore sources.

120V AC Electrical System

The higher voltage system that powers household style outlets, air conditioning, and medical equipment, drawing from shore power, a generator, or an inverter.

125 Amp Lifetime Warranty Power Supply

Frazer power converter that changes 120 volt AC generator power into 12 volt DC for module loads. Frazer backs it with a lifetime warranty.

12V DC Electrical System

The primary low voltage system of an ambulance, powered by the chassis batteries and alternator, supplying current to warning lights, radios, and onboard electronics.

144 Inch Module

Frazer's 12 foot module length used on Type I and Type III units. It suits most services with lower clearance, better maneuverability, and efficient cabinet layouts.

168 Inch Module

Frazer's 14 foot module length offering a larger patient compartment for bigger crews and more storage. It is built for high volume operations.

30 Amp Service

A shoreline connection rated at 30 amperes, typical on smaller units, which limits how many high draw loads can operate at once.

32-Slice Portable CT Scanner

Compact computed tomography scanner carried aboard Frazer Mobile Stroke Units for onboard brain imaging. It lets teams diagnose stroke in the field before hospital arrival.

35 Degree Differential Test

An acceptance test in which the module air conditioning must cool compartment air at least 35 degrees Fahrenheit below the outside ambient temperature.

4x2 Drivetrain

A two wheel drive configuration where only the rear wheels receive engine power. It is lighter and more fuel efficient than four wheel drive for paved roads.

4x4 Drivetrain

A four wheel drive configuration that sends power to all four wheels for better traction. It is chosen for rural, off road, and severe weather response.

50 Amp Service

A shoreline connection rated at 50 amperes, common on larger ambulances, providing capacity to run air conditioning and high draw equipment together.

5 Year 100k Powertrain Warranty

The powertrain coverage High Ground Conversions includes with its RTR ambulances, backed through the Ford chassis and giving fleets long term cost confidence.

6061-T6 Aluminum Framing

High strength structural aluminum alloy used for all module frame components in Frazer bodies. It creates a strong, corrosion resistant frame with no wood products.

911 Transport Fee

A fee assessed for emergency scene response and transport, sometimes billed even when a patient is not transported, under a local fee schedule.

96-Inch Wide Module

Frazer module width of about 96 inches that creates a roomy patient compartment. With a center mounted cot it leaves generous access to both sides of the patient.

Acceptance inspection

The inspection performed when the customer receives the vehicle, confirming it matches the purchase specification before sign off.

Acceptance signature

The buyer's signed acknowledgment that the unit meets the contract, which typically releases final payment and starts warranty coverage.

Acceptance testing

Inspection and functional testing at delivery confirming the ambulance meets every specification before the buyer accepts it and releases final payment.

Accident History Disclosure

The documented record of crashes and repairs for a unit offered for remount, used to judge whether structural integrity still supports a second service life.

Action Wall

Frazer interior design element that groups controls, switches, and the programmable thermostat on a wall panel. A hinged service panel provides access to the backs of oxygen outlets and switches.

ADA Compliance

Meeting Americans with Disabilities Act requirements for accessible transport vehicles, including lift or ramp access, securement positions, and adequate clearances.

Adaptive Suspension

A suspension system that automatically adjusts damping or spring rate in response to road conditions and vehicle load. It improves ride quality and handling for heavy ambulance modules.

Addendum

A written change issued before bid opening that modifies drawings or specifications, becoming part of the contract and binding on bidders.

Adhesive Bonding

Joining body panels or structures with structural adhesive instead of mechanical fasteners alone. It spreads loads evenly and seals joints against moisture.

AED

An automated external defibrillator that analyzes heart rhythm and delivers a shock, stored in a bracket or cabinet for rapid access.

AeroClave Decontamination System

Portable aerosolized decontamination system offered as an option on Frazer Infectious Disease Units. It disperses a disinfectant mist to decontaminate the vehicle interior.

Aftermarket

Parts and equipment made by companies other than the original manufacturer, commonly used in ambulance repair, upgrades, and remounts.

AGM Battery

A sealed lead acid battery with absorbed glass mat construction that resists vibration and mounts in confined compartments without maintenance.

Agreed Value Coverage

An insurance policy that fixes the insured amount for a remounted unit up front, avoiding later disputes over the module's contribution to total value.

Air Actuated Door

A compartment or cabinet door that opens using compressed air rather than manual force. It protects hands and speeds equipment access during calls.

Air Ambulance

A helicopter or fixed wing aircraft configured for medical transport, used for critical patients or long distance and inaccessible scene responses.

Air Assisted Transfer Mattress

A mattress that inflates with air and vents through tiny holes, floating a patient for nearly friction free lateral transfers.

AirKoi Ion Generator

An optional air purification device in the SDG AiR MAX system that uses ions to neutralize odors, allergens, bacteria, viruses, mold spores, and VOCs.

Air Suspension

A suspension system using air springs instead of traditional steel springs. It keeps the ambulance level under uneven loads and softens the ride for patients.

Airway seat

A crew seat located at the head of the cot that lets an attendant manage the patient airway while remaining belted.

Aisle Width

The clear walking passage between the cot and bench in a patient compartment, a critical comfort measure in compact Type II ambulance layouts.

All-Aluminum Construction

An ambulance body built with aluminum framing and panels rather than steel or wood. It resists rust and cuts weight, which helps payload.

Alley Lights

Adjustable white work lights mounted on the sides of the module to illuminate alleys, walkways, and areas beside the ambulance.

Alloy Wheel

A wheel cast from aluminum alloy that is lighter than steel and dissipates brake heat better. Weight savings can improve payload margin but costs more.

All Terrain Tire

A tire with aggressive tread blocks and stronger sidewalls designed for both paved roads and off road use. Four wheel drive units assigned to rural areas often specify it.

All-Wheel Drive Type II

A Type II ambulance built on an all-wheel-drive Ford Transit chassis, offered to improve traction and reliability in demanding weather and road conditions.

ALS Unit

An ambulance staffed and equipped to provide advanced life support care, including IV therapy, medication administration, airway management, and cardiac monitoring.

Alternate bid

A separately priced option within a bid, such as an added feature or equipment package, which the agency may accept or reject.

Aluminum Bulkhead

The lightweight divider between cab and patient compartment in the RTR, shaped to maximize attendant space and seat recline without sacrificing strength.

Aluminum Center Console

A lightweight console between the front seats in the RTR that houses controls and includes a secure fire extinguisher mounting position.

Aluminum Oxygen Cylinder

A lightweight oxygen cylinder made from aluminum alloy instead of steel, reducing lifting burden while meeting the same pressure vessel standards.

Aluminum Structural Frame

The skeleton of extruded aluminum profiles that forms the module shape. Welded framing gives the body strength while keeping overall weight low.

Amber Warning Lighting

Yellow lighting typically used on the rear of an emergency vehicle to mark the back of a stopped unit at roadway scenes.

Ambubus

A bus converted or purpose built to carry multiple stretcher patients at once. It is used for evacuations, mass casualty events, and hospital surge situations.

Ambulance Billing

The process of charging patients or insurers for transports based on level of care provided and mileage, a major revenue source for agencies.

Ambulance cot

The wheeled stretcher that carries the patient and locks into the vehicle mount during transport.

Ambulatory Patient Restraint

Seatbelts provided on squad benches and attendant seats so seated, walking patients remain protected during transport.

Ambulette

A van configured for non-emergency patient transport, often with a raised roof and a lift, carrying stretcher or wheelchair passengers to scheduled appointments.

AMD Standard 004

The Ambulance Manufacturers Division test method for litter retention systems, requiring the installed cot fastener to pass a 2200 pound pull test.

AMD standards

Component and testing standards developed by the Automotive Manufacturers Division, covering ambulance devices, mounting systems, and structural requirements.

American Ambulance Association (AAA)

The national trade group representing ambulance services, focused on payment policy, regulatory advocacy, and industry research.

Antimicrobial surfaces

Materials and coatings treated to resist the growth of bacteria on high touch areas of the interior.

Anti slip entry steps

Textured steps at the compartment doors designed to give crews solid footing during entry in wet or icy weather.

Antivibration Cot Mount

A cot mounting system with dampening elements that isolate the cot from chassis vibration and road shock. It improves patient comfort and protects cot electronics.

Antler SLAM Fastener

A Ferno fastener with antler shaped receivers that a compatible cot frame snaps into under its own weight for quick loading.

Asset Lifecycle

The stages a vehicle passes through from purchase and placement in service through maintenance, degradation, and final replacement or disposal.

Attendant Door

The door on the attendant side of the patient compartment used for crew access. It opens to the side where the primary caregiver is stationed.

Attendant Restraint During Transport

The practice of requiring crew members to remain seated and belted whenever the ambulance is moving, improving survivability in a crash.

Attendant Seat

A seat positioned so a caregiver can reach and treat the patient during transport. Many attendants ride facing sideways or backward toward the cot.

Attendant Side

The side of the patient compartment where the primary caregiver is positioned during transport. Layouts typically place main seating and equipment on this side.

Authorized service center

A repair facility certified by the manufacturer to perform warranty work and meeting its training and equipment standards.

AutoFarm Ambulance

An Indiana ambulance sales company that partners with High Ground Conversions to market and distribute the RTR Type II ambulance to EMS providers.

Automatic Vehicle Leveling System

Optional system on Frazer Mobile Stroke Units that levels the vehicle on uneven terrain automatically. It enables consistent scanner operation wherever the unit is parked.

Automotive Paint

Catalyzed urethane or enamel paint systems matched to chassis colors for module exteriors. Proper application determines long term gloss, adhesion, and salt resistance.

Auxiliary Battery

A secondary deep cycle battery dedicated to module loads, installed so extended use of lights and equipment cannot discharge the engine starting battery.

Auxiliary Heater

A supplemental heating unit, often fuel fired, that warms the module without idling the main engine during extended standby.

Award letter

The official notice to the selected bidder that its offer has been accepted, initiating contract execution and any required bonding and insurance steps.

Axle configuration

Deciding single or dual rear wheels and axle ratings for the new chassis during remount planning, a choice that affects payload, stability, tire cost, and winter performance.

A

Backboard Storage Bench

A squad bench with a dedicated compartment that stores a backboard behind the seat back, keeping it secure yet immediately accessible.

Bare Module

An ambulance body in shell form without interior finishes or equipment installed. Buyers sometimes receive a bare module for later outfitting.

Bariatric Ambulance

An ambulance fitted with a powered lift and wide stretcher to move very heavy patients safely. Chassis and structural upgrades support the added weight.

Bariatric cot

A widened, high capacity cot rated for very heavy patients, often paired with a reinforced mount and load system.

Bariatric Specialty Care Unit

Frazer Type I configuration engineered for bariatric patient transport with reinforced structure and wider loading capability. It supports safe handling of larger patients.

Bariatric Transfer System

A set of reinforced devices, including wide cots and transfer aids, designed to move very heavy patients safely.

Bariatric Transport

Transport of plus size patients using reinforced vehicles, wider cots, and powered loading equipment designed to handle much higher weight capacities safely.

Base bid

The price quoted for the exact scope in the solicitation, excluding optional alternates, used as the primary comparison between bidders.

Basecoat

The pigmented layer of a paint system that carries the final color. It is applied over primer and sealed under clearcoat for durability.

Battery Disconnect Switch

A manual switch that separates the batteries from the module electrical system to prevent discharge during storage or maintenance.

Battery Isolator

An electrical device that permits the alternator to charge both the chassis and auxiliary batteries while preventing module loads from draining the starting battery.

Battery Maintenance Module

A smart charging device that keeps stored batteries at full charge, extending battery life during long periods of nonuse.

Best and final offer

A request for the lowest price a bidder will commit to after negotiation, commonly used when proposals are close or evaluation is inconclusive.

Bid bond

A surety guaranteeing the bidder will sign the contract if awarded, protecting the agency from loss if the bidder withdraws its offer.

Bid opening

The public event at which sealed bids are opened and read aloud or posted, establishing each offer before evaluation and award.

Bid protest

A formal challenge by a disappointed bidder alleging an error in the solicitation, evaluation, or award, which can delay contract execution until resolved.

Bid tabulation

A summary sheet listing each bidder, its pricing by line item, and the totals, used to compare proposals and document the basis of award.

Blend Air Door

An adjustable flap inside the HVAC unit that mixes heated and cooled air to reach the selected discharge temperature.

Blower Motor

The fan that moves air across the evaporator and through the ducting into the patient compartment, typically with multiple speeds.

BLS Unit

An ambulance staffed at the basic life support level, providing non invasive care such as oxygen, bandaging, splinting, CPR, and AED use.

Blue Light Restriction

North Carolina and South Carolina law reserves blue warning lights for law enforcement vehicles, so ambulances in those states must not display blue lighting.

Board of commissioners approval

Formal vote by the elected county board authorizing a purchase or contract, often required above a set dollar threshold before an award is final.

Body Drop

The step of lowering a completed module onto the chassis frame and aligning it for mounting. It is a key milestone in new builds and remounts.

Bolted module mounting

A body mounting method that uses bolts and isolation mounts to attach the module, allowing later separation but requiring periodic torque checks to stay secure.

Bonded module mounting

Attaching the module with structural adhesives instead of, or alongside, fasteners, which reduces vibration transfer and corrosion at joints but makes future removal more difficult.

Bond Referendum

A public vote authorizing a local government to issue debt, sometimes used to fund large public safety capital projects.

Bontrager Industries

The Bristol, Indiana manufacturing company that operates High Ground Conversions as a division, providing fabrication capacity and craftsmanship behind the RTR ambulance line.

Bridge Unit

A vehicle, often a remount or reserve unit, used to maintain response coverage between new unit deliveries or during fleet transitions.

Brushless Blower

An optional blower motor design in the SDG AiR MAX system that reduces wear and delivers quieter, more durable airflow than brushed motors.

BTU Rating

The British thermal unit capacity of an HVAC system, with the SDG AiR MAX rated around 40,000 BTU of cooling and 70,000 BTU of heat.

Budget Mitigation Remount

Using remounts to refresh fleet capability when capital funds are short, spreading equipment spending across budget cycles instead of one large purchase.

Bulkhead

The partition separating the cab from the patient compartment, often fitted with a pass through opening or window.

Bumper

The protective bar across the rear or front of the vehicle. Extended rear bumpers often serve as a standing platform during patient loading.

Bumper detection technology

A Power-PRO 2 feature that detects contact during loading, helping reduce cot damage and injury to medics or patients.

Bumper to bumper warranty

Coverage that repairs or replaces most defects across the vehicle for a set time or mileage, with listed items excluded.

B

CAAS

The Commission on Accreditation of Ambulance Services, an accrediting body for EMS agencies that publishes the vehicle standard.

CAAS GVS

The Commission on Accreditation of Ambulance Services General Vehicle Standard, a voluntary consensus standard for ambulance design, testing, and equipment.

CAAS GVS remount standard

The CAAS GVS provisions covering remounted ambulances, which let a remounter affix a compliance sticker showing the unit meets current design requirements.

Cab and Chassis

A truck chassis shipped with a completed cab but no cargo body. The ambulance module is mounted to the frame rails behind the cab.

Cabinetry Joinery

The construction methods, such as dado joints, rabbets, and bonded fasteners, used to assemble cabinet boxes. Quality joinery determines long term durability under vibration.

Cabin Recovery Time

The speed at which an HVAC system returns the patient compartment to the set temperature after doors are opened or the cabin heats up while parked.

Cab-to-Module Pass-Through

An opening between the cab and patient compartment allowing crew members to move between them. It is standard on Type III units and optional on some Type I trucks.

Capital budget

The portion of a government budget for major long lived purchases such as ambulances, funded separately from day to day operating expenses.

Capital Improvement Plan

A multi year government plan that schedules and budgets for major purchases such as ambulances, remounts, and station projects.

Captain chairs

Forward facing crew seats mounted beside the patient cot, usually equipped with harnesses, allowing attendants to treat the patient while seated.

Cardiac monitor defibrillator

A device that displays vital signs, records rhythms, and delivers pacing and defibrillation, mounted within reach of the attendant.

Cargo Retention Net

A net or webbing system used to restrain loose equipment and prevent it from becoming a projectile during sudden braking or a crash.

Cargo Track

Slotted aluminum rail installed inside compartments or on walls for tying down equipment. Brackets and straps secure items at adjustable points along the track.

Certified Emergency Vehicle Technician (CEVT)

A technician credentialed by the EVTCC who has passed exams showing competence in repairing and maintaining emergency vehicles including ambulances.

Chair cot

A hybrid cot that converts from a flat litter to a seated chair position, allowing patients to be carried down stairs or moved in confined spaces.

Chase Vehicle

A support vehicle that follows an ambulance to provide additional crew, equipment, or logistics on long distance or specialty transports.

Chassis

The frame, engine, drivetrain, and wheels of a vehicle before a body or module is installed. Manufacturers deliver it to body builders for upfitting.

Chassis Condition Grading

A standardized rating of the worn chassis documenting frame corrosion, mileage, and drivetrain health, confirming the chassis is spent while the module remains reusable.

Chassis Delivery

The point at which the chassis manufacturer ships the completed chassis to the ambulance builder. Build timelines are often tracked from chassis delivery to final completion.

Chassis mating

Joining the refurbished module to the new chassis so mounting points line up, gaps are correct, and the finished unit handles as a single integrated vehicle.

Chassis Mileage vs Module Wear

The mismatch where a high-mileage chassis is worn out while the module remains serviceable, which is the core condition that makes remounting economically attractive.

Chassis recall

A manufacturer action to correct a safety defect on the truck chassis, requiring the ambulance to be taken to a dealer for free repair.

Chassis swap

Replacing the worn cab and frame of an ambulance while retaining the original module, which is inspected, repaired, and remounted onto the new chassis.

Circuit Breaker

A resettable protective device that interrupts a circuit when current exceeds its rating, preventing wiring damage without requiring fuse replacement.

Cleaning protocols

Written procedures for cleaning and disinfecting the compartment between patients, specifying approved agents, contact times, and documentation.

Clearcoat

The transparent top layer of an automotive paint system that provides gloss and protects the color coat from UV damage. It can be compounded and polished to restore shine.

Coastal Corrosion Protection

Extra sealing, coatings, and material choices used on units based near salt water, where airborne salt accelerates corrosion of frames and fasteners.

Cold Weather Package

A factory or upfitter option set for cold climates, including block heaters, heavier batteries, upgraded heaters, and insulated compartments.

Command Vehicle

A vehicle set up with communications, mapping, and workstations to manage major incidents. It can serve as a mobile command post at an emergency scene.

Compartment Delethalization

Designing the patient compartment so hard surfaces, protruding hardware, and loose objects are removed, padded, or secured to reduce injury in a crash.

Compartment Door

A hinged panel covering an exterior storage compartment. These doors typically protect oxygen, equipment, and supplies used on scene.

Compartment Lighting

Interior lamps inside storage compartments that activate when doors open or by switch, letting crews find equipment quickly.

Component warranty

Warranty terms from the makers of installed equipment such as stretchers, load systems, and monitors, handled separately from chassis or body coverage.

Composite Panels

Lightweight panels made from a core bonded between outer layers of material. They insulate well and resist dents and moisture in exterior walls.

Compressor

The pump that circulates refrigerant through the air conditioning system, belt driven from the engine or powered electrically on idle reduction systems.

Computer Aided Dispatch (CAD)

Software used by 911 centers to log calls, recommend unit assignments, track ambulance status, and timestamp response intervals.

Condensate Drain

The tube that carries moisture removed from the air out of the evaporator box, preventing water from dripping into the module.

Condenser

The heat exchanger that releases refrigerant heat to outside air, usually located where it receives airflow while the ambulance is parked.

Conversion Warranty

The builder warranty covering the ambulance conversion work itself, such as the one year 36,000 mile conversion warranty on the RTR Type II.

Cooperative purchasing

A contract method where a government agency uses pricing already competitively bid by another public entity or cooperative, avoiding a local bid process.

Core Chassis Disposition

Handling the old chassis after a remount, typically through salvage sale, auction, or parts harvest, recovering a small share of project cost.

Corrosion assessment

A detailed inspection for rust and metal loss on the module subframe, fasteners, and structural members, since hidden corrosion is a common reason a module is rejected for remount.

Cost Recovery Ordinance

A local law that sets fees for EMS responses and transports so that service costs are partially recovered from users rather than taxes alone.

Cot Anchor Plate

A reinforced plate in the patient compartment floor that provides the threaded or welded attachment points for cot fastening hardware.

Cot antlers

Vertical prongs on the vehicle mount that engage hooks under the cot head section, locking the stretcher into position.

Cot Fastening System

The hardware that captures and locks the cot legs or frame inside the module during transport. Positive engagement indicators confirm the cot is secure before the vehicle moves.

Cot restraint extender

A Stryker accessory that lengthens cot restraints so larger patients can be secured within the standard restraint system.

County Based EMS

An ambulance service operated directly by county government, usually funded through tax revenue and transport billing.

County Fiscal Year

The twelve month budget cycle a county government uses for spending and appropriation, which may differ from the calendar year and affects purchase timing.

CPR seat

A fold down crew seat positioned at the head of the cot so an attendant can perform chest compressions during transport.

Crash testing

Controlled testing that subjects ambulance structure, seats, and mounts to collision forces to prove occupants and equipment stay protected.

Crashworthiness

The ability of the vehicle structure, seats, and restraints to protect occupants during a collision, evaluated through dynamic testing programs.

Critical Care Ambulance

An ambulance built for interfacility transport of critically ill patients with advanced life support equipment installed. Interior layouts allow care to continue during the trip.

Critical Care Transport (CCT)

Interfacility transport of critically ill or injured patients by a crew with critical care training, carrying advanced equipment such as ventilators and infusion pumps.

CT Angiography and CT Perfusion Imaging

Advanced CT modes available on Frazer Mobile Stroke Units that visualize brain blood vessels and blood flow. They support thrombolytic treatment decisions at the point of care.

CT Scanner Mounting Retention System

Crash tested structure that secures the portable CT scanner inside a Frazer Mobile Stroke Unit. It keeps the heavy imaging device retained during vehicle motion and impact.

Curbside

The right side of the vehicle as viewed from the driver seat, nearest the curb. Ambulance layouts often name components by curbside or streetside position.

Curbside door

The side door behind the cab on the passenger side that allows the crew to load the cot from the curb.

Curb Weight

The weight of a vehicle as delivered with all fluids and standard equipment but no cargo or occupants. It is the baseline for payload calculations.

Cutaway Chassis

A light duty van chassis with the body cut away behind the driver area. It is the standard platform for Type III ambulance modules.

C

Dash Light

A compact interior warning light placed on the dashboard to warn traffic ahead while the vehicle is in motion.

Dealer net

The wholesale price a dealer pays the manufacturer for a unit before freight and options, used as the starting point for retail markup.

Dealer Network

The group of franchised or authorized sellers that distribute chassis and ambulances and provide local sales and warranty support.

Deck Height Reduction

Design changes that lower the patient compartment floor, such as recessed structures, to reduce cot loading height and crew strain.

Deep Cycle Battery

A battery designed to deliver steady current over long discharge cycles and tolerate repeated deep depletion far better than a standard starting battery.

Defibrillator platform

A bracket mounted on Stryker cots that carries a monitor or defibrillator at the patient's side during transport.

DEF system readiness

Verifying the diesel exhaust fluid tank, dosing system, and controls on the new chassis are functional and documented, since DEF faults can put a remounted unit out of service.

Delivery date

The scheduled or actual date the finished ambulance is turned over, used in contracts and tied to any late delivery penalties.

Delivery inspection

The walk through at handoff where the buyer checks the ambulance against the specification and documents defects on the punch list.

Demo unit

A demonstration ambulance built or stocked by a manufacturer to show features to prospective buyers, often sold at a discount once retired.

Device Mounting Charger

A bracket or dock that secures a radio, tablet, or monitor while simultaneously charging it from the module electrical system.

Diesel Chassis

A chassis powered by a diesel engine, valued for torque, durability, and fuel economy under heavy loads. Diesel remains common in medium duty ambulance builds.

Diesel particulate filter service

Checking the DPF and its regeneration behavior on the incoming chassis, because an engine that runs frequent emergency idling needs a healthy filter to avoid derating.

DIN Rail

A standardized mounting rail inside electrical cabinets that allows breakers, relays, and terminal blocks to be installed and replaced neatly.

Disposable Transfer Sheet

A single use plastic or reinforced sheet with hand holes for moving patients, valued for infection control and low cost.

Door Forward Layout

Frazer 14 foot Type I configuration that positions the patient compartment door forward on the body. It improves crew access and opens additional interior layout options.

Door Hold Open Device

A mechanical stay or detent that keeps a compartment or cabinet door open during loading. It prevents the door from swinging shut on crew members.

DOT inspection

A commercial vehicle safety inspection of brakes, steering, lighting, and related systems, required by many states for ambulances each year.

Double Remount

Remounting a module that was already remounted once, a practice many providers decline or restrict because metal fatigue and untraceable repairs accumulate each cycle.

Down payment

The initial cash portion paid at contract signing, reducing the financed amount and demonstrating commitment to the build order.

Drip Rail

A channel along the roof edge or door openings that directs rainwater away. It keeps water from streaming into the compartment when doors open.

Drivetrain selection

Choosing the engine, transmission, and axle ratio for the remount chassis based on duty cycle, terrain, and fuel goals, since the module carries over but the powertrain is new.

Drop Down Step

A powered or spring assisted step that deploys below the doorway to reduce climb height, then retracts for travel. It lowers the effective loading height for crews and patients.

Dual Electrical System

An ambulance design that separates 12 volt direct current loads from 120 volt alternating current loads, allowing each system to be protected and serviced independently.

Dual Load Critical Care Transport

Frazer 15 foot Type I configuration built to carry two stretchers for critical care and specialty transport. Crews can transport two patients with full equipment access.

Dual Rear Wheels

A chassis configuration with two rear tires on each side for greater load capacity and stability. Heavy ambulance bodies usually ride on dual rear wheel chassis.

Dual Side Cot Loading

A module design that allows the cot to be loaded from either the curbside or streetside door to suit scene conditions.

Dual Zone Digital Controls

Digital thermostat control heads that manage front and rear climate zones separately, allowing independent temperature settings for cab and patient compartment.

Ducting

The channels that carry conditioned air from the blower to outlets throughout the patient compartment, sized to balance airflow front to rear.

D

Easy-Access AC Compartment

A service layout that places HVAC components behind accessible panels so technicians can reach the evaporator and blower for maintenance quickly.

Eberhard Automotive Style Latch

FMVSS 206 approved latch with a free floating handle used on Frazer rear and side entry doors. It includes an emergency release for quick exit.

E-Coat

An immersion painting process where electrically charged particles bond coating onto metal parts. It coats hidden areas and protects steel from corrosion.

Electrical capacity verification

Auditing the new chassis alternator and charging system against the module's electrical load before remount, because modern module loads can exceed what the chassis was ordered to supply.

Electrical load test

Operating the vehicle electrical system under full demand to confirm charging capacity and wiring perform to specification.

Electric O2 Shutoff

A powered valve arrangement that shuts off the onboard oxygen system at the touch of a control, paired with digital monitoring of system status.

Electronic Siren

A siren that generates warning tones electronically through an amplifier and speaker. It offers multiple tones like wail, yelp, and phaser controlled from the cab.

Emergency Vehicle Upfitter

A company that installs lights, sirens, electronics, and other mission equipment onto chassis after they leave the factory.

Emissions tier compliance

Confirming the new chassis meets current EPA diesel emissions requirements, which apply to the chassis year regardless of the age of the remounted module.

EMS World Expo

The largest annual EMS trade show and conference in North America, featuring education sessions and a floor of vehicle and equipment vendors.

ENDURACharge Power System

The lithium ion battery power system used on Ferno POWER X cots, providing extended operating cycles per charge and continued performance in extreme temperatures.

Engine Brake

A driveline retarding device, sometimes called a Jake brake, that slows the vehicle through engine compression on long descents.

Engineer's estimate

The buying agency's own cost projection prepared before bids are opened, used to judge whether offers are reasonable or unusually low.

Equipment Interface Plate

An adapter plate that lets a specific device, such as a monitor, attach to a generic mounting track or bracket system.

Equipment lockbox

A secured enclosure for controlled medications or high value equipment, constructed to resist theft and meet state EMS rules.

Equipment retention

The requirement that mounted devices, cots, and cabinets remain attached and functional when subjected to specified crash forces.

Escrow

Funds held by a neutral third party until contract conditions are met, sometimes used to secure deposits, warranty work, or final payment releases.

E-Series Chassis

A Ford van derived chassis line widely used for Type III and medium duty cutaway ambulances. Recent versions are supplied as stripped units for upfitters.

Evaporator

The heat exchanger where refrigerant absorbs heat from compartment air, cooling it before the blower moves it through the ducting.

EVTCC

The Emergency Vehicle Technician Certification Commission, the body that administers national certification exams for emergency vehicle technicians.

EVT Exam Categories

The specific certification tests offered by the EVTCC, including ambulance certification, electrical systems, and braking and suspension exams.

Expansion Valve

The metering device that controls refrigerant flow into the evaporator, regulating cooling output based on system demand.

Export Power

The ability of an ambulance power system to supply electricity to external loads such as a medical tent or portable equipment on scene.

Extended warranty

Optional coverage purchased beyond the standard term to protect against repair costs after the base warranty expires.

Extended Warranty on Remounts

Optional service contracts covering reused module systems after the remounter's base warranty expires, priced according to module age and inspection results.

Exterior Skin

The outer panel layer of the module walls and roof. Skins are commonly aluminum or composite and give the ambulance its finished appearance.

EZ-Glide Stair Chair

A Ferno stair chair line that uses rotating belted tracks to glide patients down stairs while supporting loads of roughly 500 pounds.

EZ-PRO 2t

A Stryker manual ambulance cot, model 6091, from the company's lightweight EZ-PRO line of patient transport cots.

E

Factory direct pricing

Pricing quoted by the manufacturer to the end buyer without an intermediary dealer, sometimes reducing cost on custom or volume orders.

Fastener re-torque

Checking and re-tightening every structural attachment, cabinet bolt, and bracket to specification during remount, since years of vibration loosen hardware that must be verified before delivery.

FDIC

The Fire Department Instructors Conference, a major annual fire and EMS trade show held in Indianapolis with apparatus and equipment exhibits.

Federal excise tax on remounts

The 12 percent retail excise tax on heavy trucks that remounters must evaluate, since pairing a new chassis with a body in one sale can create a taxable first retail sale.

FEMA EMS Grant

Federal grant funding, such as the Assistance to Firefighters Grant program, that can pay for vehicles and equipment for eligible EMS and fire agencies.

Ferno 35X-NM PROFlexx Cot

A manual Ferno ambulance cot in the PROFlexx X frame series used for routine patient transport where a powered cot is not required.

Ferno CCT-PX Critical Care Trolley

A powered Ferno trolley built for critical care transport, providing powered height adjustment and patient positioning for intensive care level patients.

Ferno Model 173 mount kit

A Ferno cot mounting kit, offered in standard and universal versions, used to anchor a cot undercarriage to the ambulance floor.

Ferno Model 175 cot mount

A widely specified Ferno cot fastening system available in standard and universal floor and wall mount configurations for securing a cot in the ambulance.

Ferno Mondial Transporter

A Ferno transport stretcher on a wheeled frame used for moving patients between a bed, cot, and other surfaces during interfacility transfers.

Ferno POWER F2 Fastening System

Ferno's powered fastening and loading system that works with POWER series cots to lift and load patients at the touch of a button. It pairs powered cots with a compatible mount.

Ferno POWER X1 Ambulance Cot

A powered Ferno ambulance cot with a 700 pound unassisted lift capacity, battery powered raise and lower, and compatibility with both Ferno and Stryker cot fasteners.

Ferno POWER X2 Ambulance Cot

A cross compatible powered Ferno cot rated for 700 pounds unassisted and 1000 pounds in the retracted position, designed to work with Ferno and Stryker fasteners and load systems.

Ferno POWERX Powered X-Frame Stretcher

A powered Ferno X frame ambulance stretcher that raises and lowers the patient electrically while keeping the compact footprint of a traditional X frame cot.

Ferno PRO 28Z Chair Cot

A Ferno chair cot that converts between flat stretcher and seated chair positions for transporting patients who cannot be moved lying down.

Ferno PRO F1 Universal Cot Fastener

A Ferno floor fastener that accepts multiple cot models, including Ferno POWER X cots fitted with a compatibility kit, and can integrate an in vehicle charging system.

Ferno Rescue Seat

A compact Ferno carrying seat used to move patients through narrow spaces and down stairs when a full stair chair is impractical.

Ferno SLAM-25 Fastening System

A Ferno fastening system for Monobloc style cots that latches automatically as the cot is pushed into place in the ambulance.

Ferno style cot mount

A floor fastening system compatible with Ferno type cot frames, engaging the cot at the head and heel ends.

Ferno Three-Point Fastener

A Ferno cot retention device that secures the cot at three contact points to resist shifting in a crash or sudden stop.

Ferno Transcend Stair Chair

A Ferno stair chair with a belted track system rated up to 550 pounds, letting the tracks carry the patient weight down stairs.

Ferno X-Restraints

Color coded, SAE compliant patient restraint straps used on Ferno POWER X cots to secure the patient to the cot surface.

Final detailing

Cleaning and finishing work performed just before delivery, including interior detail, exterior polish, and application of striping and agency graphics.

Final inspection

The last comprehensive review of the finished ambulance covering fit, finish, and function before it leaves the plant.

Financing

Arranging a loan or credit line to spread the purchase price over time, with interest, so the buyer pays in installments.

Finished Module

A fully completed ambulance body with interior, electrical, and equipment installed. Finished modules are ready for final mounting and delivery.

Fire extinguisher mount

A secure bracket for the portable fire extinguisher required in every ambulance by most vehicle standards.

First Responder Vehicle

A vehicle configured to carry basic medical gear and personnel ahead of a transporting ambulance. It may be a van, pickup, or sport utility vehicle.

Fiscal year budgeting

Planning purchases around the government fiscal calendar; county budgets typically take effect in July, so orders are timed to approved funds.

Five point harness

A restraint with two shoulder straps, two hip straps, and a crotch strap that spreads crash forces across the strongest body areas.

Flash Pattern

The programmed sequence of light output from warning devices, selected for maximum visibility and to distinguish the vehicle from surrounding traffic.

Flash Pattern Synchronization

Coordinating multiple warning lights so their patterns alternate together, producing greater attention and a cleaner overall signal to traffic.

Fleet discount

A reduced price offered when a buyer orders multiple units at once, reflecting savings in production and sales costs.

Fleet Standardization

Aligning chassis cabs, modules, and components across a fleet so remounts reuse familiar layouts, simplify maintenance, and reduce crew training burden.

Fleet Uptime

The percentage of time vehicles are operational and in service; downtime is the complement, covering periods when units sit waiting on repair.

Flood and Storm Hardening

Build specifications that raise wiring, add sealing and drainage, and protect electrical systems so ambulances can operate in high water and severe weather.

Flood Damage History

A record that a module or chassis was submerged or storm exposed, which typically disqualifies remount work because water intrusion compromises wiring, insulation, and bonds.

Floor Cove

The curved transition where flooring material extends partway up the wall instead of a sharp corner. It eliminates hard to clean seams and improves washout.

Floor Plan

The arrangement of seating, cots, cabinets, and equipment within the module. Builders offer standardized floor plans that can be customized for the service.

Flowmeter

A device that controls and displays the rate of oxygen delivery in liters per minute. It is mounted at the headwall or on portable units.

Fly Car

A response vehicle, often a sport utility vehicle or sedan, staffed by a paramedic or supervisor. It provides advanced life support response without carrying a stretcher.

FMCSA

The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, the agency that regulates commercial vehicle safety, driver qualifications, and inspection requirements that can apply to ambulances.

FMVSS

Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards, the US regulations setting minimum safety performance requirements for vehicles and vehicle equipment.

FMVSS 207-210

Federal standards covering seat strength, belt anchorages, and restraint performance in crashes. Frazer seats and restraints are tested to them for occupant protection.

FMVSS 302

The federal safety standard governing flammability of interior materials, applied to fabrics and padding in ambulance interiors.

FOB point

The location where ownership and risk of loss pass from seller to buyer, determining who pays for and insures the shipment in transit.

Ford QVM Certification

Ford qualification for vehicle modifiers that follow Ford engineering standards. Frazer recommends it as a credential when evaluating remount providers.

Ford Transit Chassis Platform

The full size van platform, including T-250 and T-350 models, used by High Ground Conversions as the foundation for its Type II ambulances.

Formed Aluminum Compartment Doors

Frazer compartment and entrance doors built from 0.100 inch aluminum formed into thick panels. Compartment doors are 1.5 inches thick and entrance doors are 2 inches.

Forward facing seat

A seat oriented in the direction of travel, offering better crash protection than side or rear facing seating positions.

Forward Load Retention

Equipment mounting designed to resist the strong forward forces generated during a frontal crash or heavy braking, the most common loading direction.

Four Point Pin Retention System

A cot fastening design that uses four spring loaded pins to engage the cot frame at four points, holding the cot securely during transport.

Frame Rail

One of the two longitudinal steel beams forming the chassis frame. The module and its mounting system attach to the frame rails.

Frame stretch

Lengthening or shortening the new chassis frame rails so the wheelbase matches the module being remounted, requiring qualified frame modification and re-verification of rail strength.

Frazerbilt Design Philosophy

Frazer's long standing building approach centered on all aluminum construction, independent power systems, and purposeful custom layouts rather than cookie cutter vehicles. It has guided the company since it entered EMS manufacturing in the 1980s.

Frazer Foundation

Frazer's value focused 12 foot Type I mobile healthcare package with a clearly defined starting price. It offers one proven configuration, independent power and HVAC, and a simplified ordering process.

FR Conversion Van

A line of wheelchair accessible vans offered in short, taxi, and long cut configurations for single or dual wheelchair passenger transport.

Free Blow Air Delivery

An HVAC configuration that blows conditioned air directly from the unit rather than through ducting, allowing simple installation and fast temperature recovery.

Freight

The charge for transporting the ambulance from the factory to the dealer or delivery point, usually billed as a flat per unit fee.

Front Air Conditioning

The chassis supplied air conditioning serving the cab, standard on the base vehicle and serviced through the original manufacturer system.

Frontline Unit

A vehicle assigned to daily 911 response duty, as opposed to a backup that is only used when other units are down or busy.

Full rewire

Replacing all module wiring during remount when the original harness is damaged or obsolete, giving the unit a new electrical architecture instead of patching aged circuits.

F

Gait Belt

A sturdy belt placed around a patient's waist that caregivers grip to provide support and control during assisted standing or walking.

Galvanneal Steel

Steel coated with a zinc alloy during manufacture and heat treated for a paint friendly surface. It offers good corrosion resistance for body components.

Gasoline Chassis

A chassis powered by a gasoline engine, which typically costs less up front and runs quietly. Gas engines are common on light duty ambulance platforms.

Gelcoat

A resin based surface finish applied to fiberglass components that cures to a smooth, weather resistant outer layer. It is common on ambulance module exterior fiberglass panels.

General Fund

The primary operating account of a county or city, funded mainly by property and sales taxes, from which ambulance purchases and operations may be paid.

GFCI Outlet

A ground fault circuit interrupter receptacle that cuts power when it senses current leakage, used where outlets may contact moisture.

GPS Fleet Tracking

A system that reports real time vehicle positions to dispatch and management dashboards. It enables closest unit dispatch and improves response coordination.

Grab Handle

A sturdy handhold mounted inside or outside the module for crew support. Handles help attendants stay steady while caring for patients in transit.

Grab Rail

A continuous interior handhold mounted along walls, bulkheads, and ceiling that crews brace against during transport. Secure mounting into structure is critical for crashworthiness.

Grill Light

A small warning light mounted in the front grille area for forward warning with minimal change to the vehicle exterior.

Grip Strut Rear Bumper

Full width hinged rear step and bumper fabricated from grip strut aluminum on Frazer units. It gives sure footing at the rear doors and lifts for service access.

Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR)

The maximum weight each axle is designed to carry as set by the manufacturer. Loading must be balanced so neither axle exceeds its rating.

Gross Combination Weight Rating (GCWR)

The maximum combined weight of a fully loaded vehicle and any trailer it tows. Towing an equipment trailer requires checking this rating carefully.

Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR)

The maximum weight a vehicle can safely carry including chassis, body, fuel, crew, and cargo. It is set by the manufacturer and shown on the certification label.

Grounding and Bonding

The practice of connecting electrical components to the vehicle chassis, essential for circuit safety and reliable operation of lights and equipment.

G Size Oxygen Cylinder

One of the larger oxygen cylinder sizes, commonly installed as the main onboard oxygen supply on ambulances due to its high capacity.

Gurney

A common general term for a wheeled patient stretcher, used interchangeably with cot in many regions.

GVWR

Gross vehicle weight rating, the maximum operating weight set by the chassis manufacturer, a limit for module and payload design.

GVWR verification

Confirming the new chassis rating still supports the module, equipment, crew, and patient weight after remount, since heavier modern equipment can consume the margin an old unit once had.

G

HA-5 Hardware

HAAS Alert device integrated with the emergency lighting that automatically sends Slow Down Move Over alerts to civilian drivers when lights are flashing. It adds an analytics dashboard and three years of included service.

Hammer Tone ALS Bench Seat

An aluminum squad bench with a textured hammer tone finish fitted in the RTR, providing a durable seating surface for ALS crew members.

Handoff

The formal transfer of the completed ambulance from the builder to the buyer, marking the shift of responsibility for the unit.

Handsfree Siren

A siren controller that activates and changes tones through foot switches, horn ring, or automatic activation with emergency lighting. It lets drivers keep hands on the wheel.

Harrison Hydragen

Hydraulic generator system that produces electrical power from a pump driven by the chassis engine. It is one of the onboard power options Frazer supports for 120 volt loads.

Header Lightbar

A low profile warning light bar integrated into the front header of the module above the cab, reducing overall height and wind resistance.

Headlight Flasher

A device that alternates the vehicle headlamps or high beams to provide additional forward warning during emergency response.

Headliner

The finished panel covering the interior ceiling of the module. It gives a clean appearance and often conceals wiring and ductwork.

Headroom

The vertical clearance inside the patient compartment measured from floor to ceiling. Ample headroom lets attendants work over the patient without stooping.

Headwall

The forward panel of the patient compartment that concentrates oxygen outlets, suction, electrical receptacles, and lighting in one location.

HED Display

A rugged multiplexed touch screen control unit used in the RTR ambulance front and rear, the same display family used on the M1 Abrams tank.

HGC Dealer Network

Authorized dealers across the country that sell and support High Ground Conversions ambulances, located through the company online dealer locator map.

Hide-Away Strobe

A warning unit installed behind a vehicle lens such as a headlight or taillight to provide warning without a visible external lamp.

High Idle Control

A switch or control that raises engine speed while parked, increasing alternator output and speeding recovery of the chassis and auxiliary batteries.

High Output Alternator

An alternator rated well above the chassis standard, installed to recharge multiple batteries while carrying the heavy electrical load of a fully equipped ambulance.

High Pressure Laminate

A cabinetry surface material made from resin saturated kraft paper and decorative layers bonded under heat and pressure. It is a durable, cleanable finish over wood or composite cores.

High Roof RTR

An expanded version of the High Ground Conversions RTR with a raised roofline that increases standing room and clinician mobility in the patient compartment.

Hook and Pin Mount

A simple mounting method in which equipment hangs on a fixed hook and is secured by a pin or retainer through matching hardware.

Hospital Based EMS

An ambulance service owned and operated by a hospital system, often focused on interfacility transfers alongside some 911 response.

hPower Hydraulic Power System

A hydraulic power system that uses a pump driven by the vehicle engine to operate module systems and produce electricity at reduced idle.

H Size Oxygen Cylinder

The largest commonly used oxygen cylinder size, typically seen in fixed installations or transfilling setups rather than portable ambulance use.

Hubcap

A decorative and protective cover that clips or bolts over the center of a steel wheel. It shields the lug nuts and hub from corrosion and road damage.

HVAC evacuation and recharge

Recovering refrigerant, pulling a vacuum, leak testing, and recharging the module climate system after remount so cooling performance matches the new unit certification standard.

Hybrid loading system

A Stryker configuration pairing a powered cot with the manual Performance-LOAD fastener, adding powered patient lifting without a powered ambulance fastener.

Hydraulic Generator

A generator driven by a hydraulic pump from the vehicle driveline, producing alternating current without adding a separate engine to the module.

Hydraulic Wheelchair Lift

A power operated platform lift mounted at the side door or rear entry that raises and lowers a passenger in a wheelchair for vehicle access.

H

Idle Reduction Technology

Equipment such as electric air conditioning and large battery banks that lets crews operate onboard systems while parked with the engine off.

Idling Reduction

Practices and equipment that maintain module heating, cooling, and power without running the engine, cutting fuel use and emissions during standby.

Impact padding

Energy absorbing foam on walls, cabinet edges, and seat backs that cushions occupants during sudden stops.

Independent HVAC System

A heating and air conditioning system separate from the chassis unit, serving the patient compartment with its own controls and power source.

Inductive cot charging

A charging method built into Stryker Power-LOAD and Performance-LOAD fasteners that recharges the docked cot battery without a physical cable connection.

In-fastener shut-off

A safety interlock on the Ferno iNX that prevents powered cot operation while it is locked in the ambulance fastener.

Infection control

Design features and work practices that limit the spread of pathogens, including smooth surfaces, sharps disposal, and routine disinfection.

Infectious Disease Unit

Frazer specialty vehicle built to limit the spread of infectious diseases during transport. It combines negative pressure, an isolated patient compartment, nonporous surfaces, and ultraviolet disinfection.

iNLINE Fastening System

A Ferno cot fastening system designed to secure the iNX integrated transport system in the ambulance patient compartment.

In service date

The date an ambulance is placed into operation, which starts most warranty clocks and is documented at delivery.

In-service training

Instruction for crews on operating the new unit, covering controls, equipment, safety features, and maintenance basics before it is placed in service.

Insulation

Material installed in the walls, floor, and roof to control temperature and reduce noise. Thickness and type affect patient comfort and climate control performance.

Integral Van Body

A construction approach where the ambulance interior is built within the original van structure rather than mounted as a separate box module.

Integrated Charging System (ICS)

A Ferno option that charges the cot battery whenever it is docked in a compatible fastener, eliminating manual battery swaps between calls.

Intelligent Fail-Safe 12VDC Backup System

Backup power system that automatically switches the module to 12 volt DC power if the primary generator fails. Critical lighting and equipment keep running without crew action.

Interfacility Transport Ambulance

An ambulance used to move patients between hospitals, care facilities, and homes rather than from an emergency scene. These runs are often scheduled and non emergency.

International Unit

Frazer vehicle configured for customers outside the United States. Frazer adapts these units to international requirements, including bariatric specialty care versions.

Intersection Lights

Aimed warning lights that project light to the sides at an angle, providing warning coverage at crossings and sharp turns.

Inverter Charger

A combined unit that inverts battery power for outlets underway and automatically reverses to charge the batteries whenever shore power is connected.

Invitation to bid (ITB)

A solicitation asking vendors to submit sealed pricing on a defined specification, with the contract generally awarded to the lowest responsive and responsible bidder.

iNX Integrated Patient Transport and Loading System

A Ferno system that combines a powered cot with a powered loading platform, allowing patients to be lifted, lowered, loaded, and unloaded at the push of a button.

Isolette

A mobile incubator used for neonatal and infant transport, secured in the module with its own restraint and power systems.

IV mounts

Hooks, loops, or brackets on the ceiling or walls that hold intravenous fluid bags steady while the vehicle is moving.

I

Jump bag

A portable kit holding initial treatment supplies and medications, usually stowed within reach of the crew seat.

J

KangooFix Neonatal Restraint System

A Ferno restraint device that secures a neonatal patient in a carrier to the ambulance cot for safe interfacility transport.

Keldermann Air Suspension

A branded aftermarket air ride system, often a four link rear kit, that supports medium duty chassis with industrial air bags. Ambulance specific kits automatically control chassis ride height.

Keyboard Tray

A slide out or fold down tray that supports keyboards and tablets at the attendant position. It keeps documentation equipment accessible without cluttering seating areas.

Kick Plate

A protective metal panel at the base of doors or walls. It guards the finish from boots, stretchers, and wheeled equipment during loading.

KKK-A-1822

The former federal ambulance specification, known as the K spec, which set detailed electrical and lighting performance requirements for purchased units.

KKK remount compliance checklist

The federal KKK-A-1822 checklist used to document that a remounted ambulance complies with the federal specification, often required on contracts tied to the federal standard.

Kussmal Super Auto Eject

A shoreline device that automatically ejects the shore power cord when the vehicle is started, preventing cord damage. It is standard equipment on fire engines.

K

Lap belt

A belt across the hips used on side facing seats such as the squad bench, less protective than a full harness in frontal crashes.

Latent Damage Provision

A contract clause defining how newly discovered module defects are priced, documented, and approved before the remounter performs any added work.

Lateral Transfer Device

Any device designed to move a patient sideways between surfaces, such as bed to cot, while reducing physical strain on crews.

Leaf Spring

A stack of curved steel or composite leaves that supports axle weight and flexes under load. It is the traditional rear suspension found on most ambulance chassis.

Lease Purchase Agreement

A financing structure where an agency makes payments over several years and takes ownership at the end, allowing purchases without a large upfront payment.

Lease vs purchase

Comparing monthly lease payments against outright purchase, weighing ownership, residual value, budget treatment, and total cost over the intended service life.

LED conversion

Upgrading warning and compartment lighting from legacy strobe and halogen fixtures to LED during remount, reducing electrical load and meeting current signaling performance.

LED Warning Light

A light emitting diode warning unit that draws far less current than strobes and produces intense output without moving parts.

Lifecycle cost

The summed cost of acquiring, operating, maintaining, and disposing of an ambulance, used to compare options beyond initial price alone.

LifeDefender Cabinets

Aluminum powder coated interior cabinets twelve inches deep fitted with LifeDefender doors. They are a standard interior storage feature in Frazer modules.

Lightbar

A linear warning light assembly mounted across the roof, combining colored and clear warning lamps in a single housing.

Liquidated damages

A contract clause setting a daily payment owed by the vendor for late delivery, compensating the buyer for documented costs of delay.

LiquidSpring Suspension

A branded active suspension that replaces rear leaf springs with computer controlled struts filled with compressible liquid. Sensors monitor speed, steering, braking, and ride height to adjust spring rates in real time.

Lithium Battery

A lightweight battery chemistry increasingly used for auxiliary power, offering deeper usable capacity and longer service life than lead acid types.

Litter Retention Pull Test

A static test that verifies installed cot fastening hardware meets strength requirements, commonly a 2200 pound pull per AMD Standard 004.

Load Angle

The steepness of the cot deck during loading, where lower and flatter angles reduce the lifting force crews must apply.

Load assist system

A powered device that raises and lowers the cot legs automatically during loading, reducing back strain for the crew.

Load light

An exterior work light over the rear doorway that illuminates the loading area at night scenes.

Load Management System

An electronic control that monitors battery voltage and automatically sheds nonessential electrical loads to prevent battery depletion while the ambulance is parked.

Load Range E Tire

A 10 ply rated tire built with reinforced sidewalls for heavy carrying capacities at 80 PSI inflation. It is commonly specified for ambulance chassis near their gross vehicle weight.

Load-sensing hydraulics

A hydraulic assembly on the Power-PRO 2 cot that senses load to perform a true unassisted lift and reach optimal loading height.

Load test

A functional and weight test performed after remount to confirm the module, mounts, electrical systems, and equipment can safely handle rated loads.

Loaner arrangements

An agreement providing a substitute ambulance while a unit is in the shop for warranty or extended repair work, limiting downtime.

LOCO (Lower Cost of Ownership)

Frazer marketing shorthand for the total savings an agency realizes across purchase, fuel, maintenance, and service over a vehicle's life. Factory direct sales and remount support are the main drivers.

Loncoin II Antimicrobial Flooring

Vinyl flooring with a coin surface embossing that improves traction and hides scuffing. It is the standard antimicrobial floor covering in Frazer modules.

Long Cut Van

An extended wheelchair conversion van configured with the space and securement positions for carrying two wheelchair passengers at once.

Longitudinal Cot Mounting

Positioning the cot so it runs front to rear in the module, allowing the attendant to work alongside the patient during transport.

Low Profile Chassis

A chassis configuration with a reduced frame or floor height that allows a lower patient compartment and easier cot loading.

Low Voltage Disconnect

A protective device that automatically opens a circuit when battery voltage falls below a set threshold, preserving starting power and battery health.

L

M-1 Roll-In System

Stryker's collapsible manual ambulance cot, model 6100, designed so the crew rolls it into the vehicle instead of lifting it.

Main oxygen system

The permanently installed oxygen system, with cylinders in a vented compartment and plumbed lines feeding the headwall outlets.

Manta Rescue Aid

A lightweight Ferno transport aid used to move or drag patients through areas that cots and stretchers cannot reach.

Mantis Tri-Fold Evacuation Board

A Ferno evacuation board that folds into three sections for compact storage, used for confined space and vehicle extrication.

Markup

The amount added to dealer cost to arrive at the selling price, covering overhead, sales expenses, and profit on the unit.

Mass Casualty Response Vehicle

A vehicle stocked with stretchers, boards, and supplies to treat and move large numbers of patients. It supports incidents that overwhelm standard ambulance capacity.

Master Electrical Switch

The main control that energizes or deenergizes the module electrical system, typically mounted near the cab or rear step to control all body power.

Mechanical CPR device

A battery powered machine that delivers automatic chest compressions, mounted in a dedicated bracket for secure transport.

Mechanical Fastening

Securing module components with bolts, rivets, and other hardware rather than adhesive. Fastened joints can be inspected and serviced during remount work.

Medical-Grade Kydex

A durable thermoplastic material used for the walls, cabinets, and ceiling of the RTR ambulance, chosen for antimicrobial properties and easy cleaning.

Medication cabinet

A dedicated locking cabinet that stores medications and treatment supplies, typically fitted with shelves and a work surface.

Medium Duty Chassis

A truck chassis with gross vehicle weight ratings typically ranging from about 19,000 to 33,000 pounds. It provides extra payload for heavy modules and equipment.

Medium Duty Remount

A remount performed on a medium duty chassis where the module is reconditioned and reinstalled. It pairs a proven body with a new powertrain and warranty.

Medium Duty Type I Ambulance

A Type I ambulance built on a medium duty truck chassis with higher weight ratings. These units carry heavy payloads and support large specialty care modules.

Medium Duty Type III Ambulance

A Type III ambulance mounted on a medium duty cutaway chassis with greater gross vehicle weight ratings. It offers more payload and interior space than light duty units.

MEPS

A mobile electric power system that generates electricity from the vehicle engine through a power take-off, supplying the module without a separate generator engine.

MERV Filter

The minimum efficiency reporting value filter fitted standard in the SDG AiR MAX HVAC system to capture airborne particles before they reach the cabin.

Mileage Based Replacement

A replacement policy that retires ambulances after reaching a set odometer threshold, commonly between 150,000 and 250,000 miles, rather than age alone.

Millage Rate

The property tax rate expressed as dollars per thousand of assessed value, which determines how much tax revenue a county collects each year.

Mirror Mount Light

A warning light attached to the side mirror arms for broad side visibility, useful where roof mounting is impractical.

Mobile Clinic

A vehicle configured as a walk in medical clinic for physicals, screenings, and immunizations. It brings routine and preventive care to communities and work sites.

Mobile Data Terminal

A vehicle mounted computer that displays dispatch information, mapping, and electronic patient care records. It is typically ruggedized and wired to the vehicle electrical system.

Mobile Intensive Care Unit

An ambulance outfitted at a high level for critical care transport with ventilators, infusion pumps, and monitoring. Staffing often includes critical care paramedics or nurses.

Mobile Medical Unit

A vehicle configured to deliver medical care, screening, or command functions on site rather than primarily transporting patients, often built on van platforms.

Mobile Radio

A two way radio permanently installed in the vehicle with an exterior antenna for extended range. It provides primary dispatch communication when portable units cannot reach towers.

Mobile Service

A service model where technicians travel to the customer's location to perform repairs and maintenance, reducing vehicle downtime and transport to a shop.

Mobile Stroke Unit

A specialized vehicle with a CT scanner and telemedicine link used to diagnose and treat stroke patients on scene. Treatment can begin before hospital arrival.

Mobile Training Unit

Frazer Type I vehicle outfitted as a mobile classroom and simulation space for EMS education. Agencies use it to bring training directly to their teams.

Model 28 FERNO-Flex Roll-In Chair Cot

A Ferno chair cot with a low wheeled frame designed to roll into the ambulance compartment, combining stair chair and cot functions.

Model 71 Basket Stretcher

A stainless steel Ferno basket stretcher used to carry patients over rough terrain and lift them horizontally during technical rescues.

Modular Cabinetry

Built in storage cabinets installed in the patient compartment and exterior areas. Cabinets are positioned to keep supplies within reach of the attendant.

Modular Wiring Harness

A prewired electrical assembly built into the module with standardized connections. On a remount, harnesses let body wiring connect cleanly to the new chassis.

Module

The enclosed ambulance body containing the patient compartment and exterior compartments. It is built separately and then mounted onto the chassis.

Module Age Eligibility

Common industry guidance treats modules under roughly 12 to 15 years old as remount candidates, with age weighed against structural condition and service history.

Module Core Value

The assessed remaining worth of a used module as the reusable core of a remount project, reflecting its structural life and component condition.

Module Electrical Disconnect Switch

Switch mounted in the chassis cab behind the driver's seat that disconnects the module 12 volt load from the chassis batteries. It prevents battery drain when the unit is out of service.

Module floor replacement

Removing and rebuilding a failed module floor with new support structure, insulation, and seamless flooring so the remounted unit meets current load and infection control expectations.

Module Heating System

A heater dedicated to the patient compartment, typically a fuel fired or engine coolant fed unit with its own outlets.

Module hours vs chassis miles

Recording patient compartment hours separately from odometer miles, since a remount pairs a high mileage module with a zero mile chassis and honest disclosure requires both numbers.

Module Hour Tracking

Recording cumulative hours of module use, including idle time, alongside odometer mileage because module wear often advances faster than chassis mileage alone indicates.

Module In Place

A delivery option where the chassis arrives with the module already installed by the chassis manufacturer. It simplifies upfitting and speeds completion at the builder.

Module lifting fixture

A support frame or lifting system that holds the removed module level and stable so technicians can work underneath and move it safely onto the new chassis.

Module lift-off

Separating the completed patient compartment from the old chassis using lifting equipment, typically after cutting or unbolting the mounting attachments that joined the two during original construction.

Module-only purchase

Buying a patient compartment without a chassis, used when an agency supplies its own chassis for remount or wants a spare module in reserve.

Module-Only Sale

A transaction selling the ambulance box alone, without a chassis, to a remounter, upfitter, or agency assembling its own remount project.

Module resealing

Applying fresh butyl, sealant, and gaskets at every seam and penetration during remount, since old sealant hardens and leaks long before the structure itself wears out.

Module-to-chassis alignment

Verifying the module sits square and centered on the chassis rails before final mounting, preventing door fit problems, uneven weight distribution, and driveline clearance issues.

Module transfer

Moving the patient compartment box from the old chassis to the new one during a remount, including rechecking mounting points and wiring connections.

Mondial FL1 Fastener

A Ferno fastening device designed to lock Mondial series stretchers securely into the ambulance module during transport.

Mondial RS2 Lift-Off Stretcher

A Ferno stretcher whose patient surface detaches from its wheeled undercarriage, allowing the top section to be lifted off and carried separately from the frame.

Monitor mount

A locking bracket or track that secures the cardiac monitor and defibrillator within reach of the crew during transport.

Mountain Terrain Specification

Chassis specifications for steep grades and high altitude, including upgraded engines, transmission cooling, and engine braking.

Mounting System

The framework that connects the module to the chassis frame rails. Proper mounts carry body loads while isolating the compartment from road shock.

MSRP

Manufacturer's suggested retail price, the published base price for a vehicle or unit before discounts, options, freight, and dealer fees.

Multiplexed Electrical System

A wiring architecture that sends multiple control signals over shared data lines, reducing harness complexity and enabling programmable features in specialty vehicles.

Multi-Zone Climate Control

Independent temperature settings for the cab and patient compartment, allowing the crew to heat or cool each area separately.

Municipal lease

A financing agreement available to governments that spreads payments over years without a large lump sum, often at tax exempt interest rates.

Mutual Aid

An agreement between EMS agencies to assist each other with units and personnel when call volume exceeds available resources.

MX-PRO Bariatric Transport

Stryker's manual bariatric ambulance cot, engineered for stability when loading, unloading, and transporting bariatric patients.

MX-PRO R3

A lightweight aluminum manual ambulance cot from Stryker, model 6082, rated at 650 pounds with positive action height adjustment.

MX-PRO Rugged

A Stryker manual ambulance cot, model 6080, built with a reinforced frame for demanding field use and repeated loading cycles.

M

NAEMT

The National Association of Emergency Medical Technicians, a professional membership group offering courses and advocacy for EMS practitioners.

Narcotics locker

A hardened locking steel box for controlled substances, usually keyed separately from other compartment storage and built to resist break ins.

NASEMSO

The National Association of State EMS Officials, which represents state regulators and develops national EMS standards and model rules.

Negative Air Pressure Environment

Patient compartment ventilation design that keeps interior air pressure lower than outside air so air flows inward. It keeps contaminated air from escaping and spreading infectious particles.

NEMSMA

The National EMS Management Association, an organization for EMS leaders focused on management practice, system design, and professional development.

NEMT (Non-Emergency Medical Transport)

Scheduled transport of patients between homes, facilities, and appointments without lights and sirens. Vans and small ambulances often serve this growing market.

Neonatal Transport Ambulance

An ambulance configured with an incubator mount, oxygen, and monitors for transporting newborns and premature infants. Specialized teams such as neonatal nurses typically ride along.

Neonatal Transport Team

A specialized crew, usually hospital based, that moves critically ill newborns using incubators and neonatal specific equipment and medications.

Net price

The actual selling price after discounts and allowances are applied, before taxes, freight, and fees are added.

New Ambulance Price Benchmark

A current market reference for new Type I and Type III units, commonly in the roughly $300,000 to $450,000 range, used to quantify remount savings.

New Build vs Remount Decision

The fleet planning choice between ordering a new ambulance and remounting a sound module on a fresh chassis, weighing cost, downtime, and remaining module life.

NFPA 1710

A National Fire Protection Association standard that sets deployment and response time objectives for career fire and EMS departments, including first unit arrival targets.

NFPA 1900 remount provisions

The consolidated NFPA standard sections addressing remounted ambulances, requiring documented evaluation of reused components so rebuilt units meet defined safety criteria.

NFPA 1917

The National Fire Protection Association standard for automotive ambulances, defining minimum requirements including electrical systems, warning lights, and testing.

NHTSA

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, the US agency responsible for vehicle safety rules and ambulance crash research.

NHTSA ambulance crash test program

A federal research program that crashed instrumented ambulances to study occupant and equipment behavior, informing later compartment safety standards.

NHTSA Remounter Registration

Federal requirement that businesses performing remounts register with NHTSA. Frazer advises verifying registration and a door jamb FMVSS sticker before choosing a remounter.

NMI 2-Part Track Lock

A two part Ferno track lock that pairs a floor track with a locking carriage to hold the cot in position during transport.

Non Slip Flooring

Floor covering with textured or embossed surface that provides traction even when wet. It reduces slip hazards for crews moving in the patient compartment.

Non-Transport Response Vehicle

A response unit without a stretcher or patient carrying capability used to add personnel and equipment. It often supplements transport ambulances at busy incidents.

NTEA

The Association for the Work Truck Industry, the trade group that administered the AMD ambulance standards.

NTEA Member Program

Association membership benefits for truck equipment and upfitter companies, including technical education, standards resources, and market data.

N

Occupant restraint

The belts, harnesses, and seating systems that keep crew and patients in position during travel and collisions.

OEM

The original equipment manufacturer that builds the chassis or major components. OEM parts and warranties come from the company that made the original product.

OEM Remount Program

A remount service offered by the module's original manufacturer, which can preserve proprietary designs and support but may limit competitive bidding options.

OMNIA Partners

A public sector purchasing cooperative whose solicited contracts let schools and governments buy through established suppliers at pre competed pricing.

Onan 7.5 kW Generator

A widely installed mobile generator producing 7.5 kilowatts of power, fueled from the vehicle supply and commonly specified for ambulance module service.

Onboard Generator

A generator installed on the ambulance that supplies 120 volt power for the module, usually fueled from the vehicle tank and rated for continuous duty.

OneWeight

A cot integrated patient scale that measures actual body weight during transport, supporting accurate medication dosing instead of estimates.

Optical Warning Device

The formal term for a lamp that warns by means of flashing or rotating beams, including strobe and LED warning units.

Orientation

A session where the dealer or manufacturer explains unit features, documentation, and warranty procedures to the receiving agency's staff.

Overhead cabinet

Enclosed upper storage compartments along the compartment walls, typically fitted with positive latching doors and interior lighting.

Oxygen bottle holder

A Stryker cot accessory that carries a portable oxygen cylinder on the cot frame during patient transport.

Oxygen Cylinder Bracket

A mounted bracket, usually with a strap or claw, that holds an oxygen cylinder firmly in place inside the module.

Oxygen cylinder recertification

Periodic hydrostatic testing and inspection required for medical oxygen cylinders so they remain legal for filling and use.

Oxygen Cylinder Strap

A quick release strap, often hook and loop material, that secures a cylinder to its bracket while still allowing fast exchanges.

Oxygen Humidifier

A small reservoir attached to the oxygen delivery line that adds moisture to dry medical oxygen. It prevents drying of patient airways during extended high flow therapy.

Oxygen piping replacement

Swapping aged copper or nylon oxygen lines and fittings during remount, since hardened seals and vibration cracking in old piping can cause leaks.

Oxygen rack

Brackets that secure spare oxygen cylinders upright inside the compartment, protecting the valves from impact and tampering.

Oxygen Regulator

A device that reduces high cylinder pressure to a safe working pressure for delivery to the patient. It includes a gauge showing remaining cylinder contents.

Oxygen system pressure test

Leak testing the remounted oxygen system at working pressure after reinstalling lines and regulators, verifying flow and shutoff before the unit is certified for patient use.

O

Paint booth work

Refinishing the module in a controlled spray booth during remount, where filtered air and cured finishes produce a durable, uniform appearance equal to new construction.

Parabolic Spring

A leaf spring design with tapered, progressively shaped leaves that store and release energy more efficiently than flat multi leaf packs. It provides a softer ride at lower weight.

Parallel Flow Coil

A high efficiency air conditioning and heating coil arrangement used in the SDG AiR MAX that improves heat transfer and cooling performance over standard designs.

Paramedic Intercept

A response model where a paramedic in a quick response vehicle meets a basic ambulance en route to add advanced care skills.

Parasitic Draw

The small continuous current drawn by electronics while the ambulance is shut off, which can discharge batteries over several days of storage.

Paratransit

Scheduled transportation service for riders with disabilities who cannot use conventional transit, typically delivered with wheelchair accessible vans and trained drivers.

Parts lead time

The period between ordering a part and receiving it, affecting how long an ambulance remains out of service for a repair.

Parts support

The manufacturer's ability to supply replacement parts for a model over time, a key factor when choosing a builder for fleet continuity.

Patient Compartment

The interior area where the patient is treated and transported. It holds the cot, attendant seating, oxygen, and medical equipment within reach of caregivers.

Patient Compartment Electrical Disconnect

A dedicated shutoff that isolates power to the patient compartment for servicing or storage, separate from the master electrical controls.

Patient Door

The main doorway of the patient compartment used for loading the cot. It must provide clearance for the loaded stretcher to enter safely.

Patient Lift Assist Device

A harness or sling style aid that distributes a patient's weight across multiple grip points so rescuers can lift with less back strain.

Patient Loading Height

The height of the patient compartment floor from the ground where the cot is loaded. Lower loading heights reduce lifting strain for crews.

Patient restraints

Straps and belts that hold the patient securely on the cot during transport and sudden maneuvers, typically across the torso and legs.

Payload

The weight available for the module, equipment, crew, and patients after subtracting chassis weight from the gross vehicle weight rating. Heavy builds consume payload quickly.

Payload recalculation

Updating the documented payload capacity for the remounted unit, accounting for the new chassis weight and any added equipment so buyers know the true usable load.

Payment terms

The contract conditions for paying, including deposit schedule, progress payments, and the balance due at delivery or after acceptance.

Peak Demand Staffing

Scheduling extra crews or units during known high volume periods such as weekends, holidays, or large public events.

Pedi Mate + Pediatric Restraint System

A Ferno restraint system that secures a child to an ambulance cot using a harness, allowing safe transport without a separate pediatric cot.

Performance bond

A surety guaranteeing the vendor will complete the contract as specified, providing funds to remedy defects or cover completion costs if it defaults.

Performance-LOAD

Stryker's most advanced manual cot fastener, model 6392, which guides loading and unloading and meets SAE J3027 crash safety recommendations.

Performance-PRO XT

A Stryker manual ambulance cot with a 700 pound weight capacity and a retractable head section that permits 360 degree mobility at any height.

Perimeter Lighting

Warning lights placed around the full body of the ambulance so the unit remains visible from any direction at a scene.

Piggyback contract

The practice of adopting the pricing and terms of another agency's competitively bid contract rather than conducting a separate solicitation.

Pneumatic Door System

A network of air cylinders, valves, and lines that power actuated doors throughout the module. It is typically fed by the onboard air system with manual backup operation.

Point-to-Point Wiring Architecture

Frazer wiring method that runs individual wires point to point rather than dense bundled harnesses. It simplifies electrical diagnosis, repair, and later remounts.

Portable oxygen unit

A bracket mounted oxygen cylinder with regulator that can be unbolted and carried from the vehicle for use at the scene.

Portable Radio

A handheld two way radio carried by crew members on scene. It allows communication away from the vehicle during patient contact and transfer.

Positive latching hardware

Cabinet and door latches designed to stay closed under crash loads and vibration so stored items do not become projectiles.

Post-Remount Compliance Labeling

The compliance sticker and documentation required on a completed remount, recording the remounter, chassis, and standards met for later inspections.

Post-Remount Depreciation

How a remounted unit loses value over time, often faster than a new unit because the module retains its original build date and service history.

Post-remount leak test

Spraying the finished remount with water or washing it under pressure, then inspecting the interior for drips to prove the resealing work holds before delivery.

Post-remount road test

Driving the completed unit through a defined test route to check handling, braking, vibration, and noise after the module is mounted on the new chassis.

Powder Coated Aluminum Cabinetry

Bright white aluminum cabinetry with a durable powder coated finish used throughout Frazer interiors. It avoids wood, MDF, and particle board entirely.

Powder Coating

A finishing process where dry powder is electrostatically applied and heat cured into a hard coating. It resists chipping and corrosion better than liquid paint on compartment hardware and frames.

Power Actuated Door

An electrically operated compartment door that opens at the push of a switch or remote. It allows crews to reach gear without setting equipment down.

Power Converter

A device that changes 120 volt alternating current from shore power or a generator into 12 volt direct current to charge batteries and run low voltage loads.

Power Distribution Panel

The panel where incoming power is divided among protected branch circuits, housing breakers, terminal blocks, and control components for the module.

Powered cot

A battery powered stretcher that raises, lowers, and loads itself with push button controls, reducing crew lifting injuries.

Powered Lateral Transfer

A motorized transfer device that mechanically slides a patient between surfaces with minimal caregiver effort, useful for heavy patients.

Powered stair chair

A battery powered stair chair with motorized track systems that climb stairs while reducing crew lifting.

Power Inverter

A device that converts 12 volt direct current from the vehicle batteries into 120 volt alternating current to operate outlets and equipment without shore power.

Power loader

An electric lift mounted at the doorway that raises a loaded cot into the vehicle and lowers it to the ground.

Power-LOAD manual back-up system

A hand operated back-up on the Stryker Power-LOAD that allows the crew to load or unload the cot if powered operation fails.

Power-PRO 2

Stryker's connected powered ambulance cot, rated for 700 pound patients, with a lithium-ion battery and a single button lift to transport height.

Power-PRO TL

A powered ambulance cot in Stryker's Power-PRO line, model 6550, available with XPS siderail and XPR restraint package options.

Power-PRO XT

A battery powered ambulance cot from Stryker that raises and lowers the patient electrically and pairs with powered or manual loading fasteners.

Power Take-Off

An opening on the vehicle transmission or engine that drives auxiliary equipment, used by some ambulance power systems to drive hydraulic generators.

POWERTraxx

A motorized track system on Ferno stair chairs that drives the chair up and down stairways, reducing the lifting burden on EMS operators.

Pre-bid conference

A meeting before bids are due where vendors inspect requirements and ask questions, with official answers later issued in written addenda.

Precision CT Tracking System

Guidance system paired with a laser leveled floor that accurately positions and guides the CT scanner during a scan. It keeps imaging consistent inside the vehicle environment.

Pre delivery inspection

A structured inspection and preparation process completed on every finished ambulance before it is released to the customer.

Pre-remount inspection

A documented evaluation of the module before work begins that establishes condition, scope, and cost, protecting both buyer and remounter from surprises mid-project.

Pre-Remount Structural Inspection

A detailed engineering assessment of the module, subframe, wiring, and cabinetry performed before contract signing to set project scope, price, and eligibility.

Preventive Maintenance Program

A structured plan of scheduled inspections and services, such as oil changes, fluid checks, and brake work, designed to prevent breakdowns before they occur.

Preventive maintenance schedule

A calendar of inspections and service tasks performed at set intervals to keep ambulances reliable and compliant between major repairs.

Primary attendant position

The main work station where the primary care provider sits or stands, usually beside the cot within reach of the headwall.

Prime TC

A Stryker patient transport chair for acute care settings, with vertically oriented push handles and a one-touch central brake pedal.

Privacy Curtain

A curtain track and panel that shields the patient area from view through door or window glass. It is often flame resistant and antimicrobial.

Private EMS Provider

A for profit company that provides 911 response under contract, interfacility transfers, or standby event coverage.

Programmable load height

A powered cot setting that stores the ambulance floor height, so the cot automatically stops at the correct elevation when loading into the vehicle.

Program truck

A completed ambulance held in dealer inventory with popular specifications, available for near immediate purchase instead of a custom build cycle.

Proprietary Module Remount Award

Awarding a remount only to the module's original manufacturer because of design or tooling ownership, which usually requires documented sole source justification.

PTO provision

Planning power take-off capability on the remount chassis when hydraulic accessories such as generators or lifts must carry over, since not every engine and transmission combination supports PTO.

Public hearing

An open meeting where a government body receives comment on a proposed purchase or bond issuance before voting, often required for major expenditures.

Punch list

A list of small defects or unfinished items found at delivery that the manufacturer agrees to correct after the unit is accepted.

Purchase order

A formal buyer document that authorizes a purchase, states specifications and price, and becomes a binding contract when accepted by the seller.

P

Quick Release Retention Hardware

Fastening hardware that secures equipment during transport but can be released with one motion for rapid deployment at the scene.

Quick Response Vehicle

A small fast vehicle used to get responders and initial equipment to a scene quickly. It is generally not configured to transport a patient on a stretcher.

Q

R-134a

The refrigerant used in most ambulance air conditioning systems, gradually being replaced by newer blends with lower global warming potential.

Radius Corners

Rounded corner construction on the module exterior rather than sharp angles. Smooth curves shed water and resist damage better than tight corners.

RAPIDLift Retraction System

A powered leg retraction feature on Ferno POWER X cots that extends and retracts the undercarriage faster than manual pumping during loading and unloading.

Real-Time Diagnostics

Continuous self monitoring built into multiplexed control systems that reports faults and component status on screen, speeding troubleshooting and reducing downtime.

Rear Air Conditioning

A dedicated cooling unit for the patient compartment, usually roof or wall mounted, that conditions air independently of the cab.

Rear doors

The double doors at the back of the module that open fully for cot loading and stretcher access.

Rear HVAC

A heating and air conditioning unit dedicated to the patient compartment, separate from the cab climate system.

Rear vision camera

A backup camera displayed at the driver position that improves visibility when reversing the ambulance.

Recertification

The process of verifying a remounted or refurbished ambulance meets current NFPA 1917 and federal specifications before it is returned to service.

Recessed Cot Wheel Pass

A cutout in the cabinet wall that allows the cot wheels to tuck inside, maximizing aisle space in the tight Type II interior.

Recommended loading height

The ambulance deck height range at which a fastener can capture the cot; Stryker's Power-LOAD specifies 22 to 36 inches.

Redundant HVAC

Backup heating and cooling capability provided by duplicate compressors or dual systems, so climate control continues if one unit fails.

Red Warning Lighting

The primary lawful warning color for ambulances in North Carolina and most states, often paired with clear or white lamps for visibility.

Reflective Graphics

Stripes, chevrons, and decals made from retroreflective sheeting that bounce light back toward its source. They boost vehicle visibility to traffic at night.

Reflective Sheeting

Engineered retroreflective material, such as prismatic grade, used for chevron panels and markings. Higher intensity grades are specified for rear and side conspicuity.

Refrigerant

The fluid that absorbs and releases heat as it circulates through the air conditioning loop, changing between liquid and gas states.

Refurbished ambulance

A used ambulance restored to serviceable condition through repair, repainting, and component replacement, typically without mounting the module on a new chassis.

Regional Remount Shops

Independent local remounters serving agencies that want shorter transport distances, faster turnaround, or price competition with national OEM programs.

Reinforced Steel Tube Side Structure

A structural design using steel tubing in the side walls to distribute crash forces and protect the occupant space in the RTR ambulance.

Relay

An electrically operated switch that lets a low current circuit control a high current load such as a lightbar or fan motor.

Remount

The practice of transferring a used ambulance module onto a new chassis after refurbishment. It is a lower cost alternative to buying a completely new ambulance.

Remount acceptance criteria

The specific test results, inspections, and document deliverables a customer requires before accepting a remounted unit, written into the contract before work starts.

Remount Bid Evaluation

Comparing remount proposals on inspection thoroughness, scope clarity, warranty, lead time, and references rather than lowest price alone.

Remount Budget Line

A dedicated operating or capital budget category for remount spending that lets agencies refresh units without a full new-vehicle capital appropriation.

Remount certification label

The data plate or sticker applied after remount showing the new chassis year, ratings, applicable standards, and builder, which replaces outdated labels from the original build.

Remount Change Orders

Mid-project price additions triggered when hidden module damage is discovered, a common budget pitfall that strong contracts address with contingency clauses.

Remount cost drivers

Factors that determine remount price, including module condition, chassis selection, electrical work, required repairs, and labor hours to strip and remount.

Remount Downtime Planning

Coordinating schedules, reserve coverage, and crew assignments around the roughly two to four months a unit is typically out of service for remount work.

Remounted Unit Resale

The secondary market for previously remounted ambulances, where buyers accept shorter remaining life in exchange for a much lower acquisition cost.

Remount Financing

Loan and lease structures for remount projects, often written against the combined value of the new chassis and refurbished module on municipal or commercial terms.

Remount Grant Eligibility

Whether grant programs treat remounts as allowable vehicle acquisitions, which varies by program and often requires documenting the remount as a capital asset purchase.

Remount Ineligibility

Conditions that rule out remounting, such as major structural damage, advanced corrosion, flood exposure, or a module already remounted once without documented reinforcement.

Remount Insurance Valuation

How insurers value a remounted unit, often based on the new chassis plus an assessed amount for the used module, which agencies should document before binding coverage.

Remount Lead Time Advantage

The shorter turnaround of remounts, often roughly three months versus nine or more for new builds, which lets agencies refresh units faster.

Remount Price Range

Typical remount pricing commonly falls between roughly $100,000 and $260,000 depending on chassis choice, module condition, and updates, well below new unit cost.

Remount Provider Landscape

The mix of manufacturers and specialty shops offering remounts, including original builders such as Frazer, Braun, Horton, and Medix plus regional remount specialists.

Remount RFP Specifications

Bid documents defining module inspection standards, chassis requirements, update scope, warranty terms, and compliance with AMD and NHTSA remounter rules.

Remount ROI

The financial return of remounting compared with buying new, typically measured as years of extended service gained per dollar invested.

Remount Savings Percentage

The cost reduction of a remount compared with a comparable new unit, frequently cited in the range of roughly 30 to 50 percent depending on scope.

Remount Scope of Work

The contract definition of what the remounter will replace, refurbish, or retain, which determines price certainty and limits mid-project disputes.

Remount Sequencing

Ordering multiple remounts so only one or two units are out of service at once, keeping frontline strength intact while the fleet cycles through.

Remount Systems Coverage Gap

The coverage difference between the new chassis warranty and limited or absent warranty on reused module components, which buyers must map before acceptance.

Remount Warranty Terms

Typical coverage on remount work pairing the new chassis factory warranty with a limited remounter workmanship warranty, often in the one to three year range.

Rental Coverage During Remount

Arranging short-term rented or leased ambulances to backfill the unit in remount, an added cost that should be budgeted into the project total.

Repainting

Refinishing the module exterior and interior during refurbishment to restore appearance, protect against corrosion, and allow updated striping and graphics.

Replacement cycle

The planned interval at which agencies retire or remount ambulances, commonly five to seven years based on mileage, wear, and budget cycles.

Repower

Replacing the engine or complete drivetrain while keeping the existing vehicle or module, an option used when a chassis or powertrain fails before the body wears out.

Request for proposals (RFP)

A solicitation that evaluates vendor solutions, qualifications, and price together, allowing the agency to award based on best overall value.

Request for quotes (RFQ)

An informal solicitation used to gather current pricing, often for low dollar purchases or to establish fair market pricing before a formal bid.

Reserve Fleet Ratio

The share of spare units an agency keeps so remounts, repairs, and training do not drop frontline availability below response targets.

Reserve Unit

A spare ambulance held in ready status to cover frontline units during maintenance, breakdowns, or unusually high call volume.

Residual value

The estimated worth of an ambulance at a future point or at trade in, affecting lease payments, depreciation, and replacement planning.

Responder-to-Responder Alerting (R2R)

Safety Cloud add-on that alerts fire and EMS crews when another responding vehicle is approaching the same intersection. Interior warning lights signal operators that a potential collision is imminent.

Responder-to-Vehicle Alerting (R2V)

HAAS Alert service that warns nearby civilian drivers of an approaching emergency vehicle through their phones and navigation apps. It is included at no cost for three years on Frazer vehicles.

Response Time Standard

A target, often set by ordinance or contract, for how quickly an ambulance should arrive after a 911 call, commonly measured at the 90th percentile.

Responsible bidder

A bidder with the capability, experience, financial capacity, and integrity to perform the contract successfully, as determined by the purchasing agency.

Responsive bid

A bid that meets all material requirements of the solicitation, including submission deadline, forms, and bonding, with no material deviations.

Retainer track system

Slotted aluminum rail mounted to compartment walls or the floor that accepts compatible seat and equipment mounts, allowing flexible interior layouts.

Re-titling on new VIN

Registering the remounted ambulance against the new chassis VIN, since most states title the completed vehicle on the chassis identity rather than the module.

Retractable foot section

A Power-PRO 2 cot feature that extends or retracts the foot end three inches each way, allowing the cot to navigate tighter patient compartments.

Retrofit

Installing new components into an existing unit to update it, such as power load systems or upgraded safety features, after it is in service.

Return-to-service inspection

The state or agency inspection required before a remounted ambulance may respond again, verifying the unit still meets licensing and equipment requirements after the chassis change.

Revenue Recovery

Programs and contracts that improve how an agency captures transport charges, insurance reimbursement, and other revenue it is legally owed.

Road test

An on road evaluation of the completed ambulance covering drivability, braking, handling, and operation of mounted systems.

Roll Door

An exterior compartment door that rolls up into a track like a garage door. It provides full access to the compartment opening.

Rollover Retention

The ability of mounted equipment and cots to remain secured when the vehicle rolls onto its side or roof during a crash.

Roof Hatch

An opening in the patient compartment roof used for emergency rescue access. Standards require a minimum clear opening for crew extrication.

Roof Mounted Air Conditioner

A self contained cooling unit set into the module roof, common on remounts needing rear air without extensive underfloor ducting.

Rotary Latch Retention

A retention mechanism that uses a rotating cam or claw to lock equipment or cot hardware behind a strike until deliberately released.

Rotating fleet program

A dealer arrangement in which units are exchanged on a set schedule, letting the buyer refresh front line ambulances while retaining equity.

Rotating Remount Program

A scheduled plan that remounts a set number of modules each year, smoothing workload for the remounter and avoiding budget spikes for the agency.

RTR (Ready to Respond) Type II

High Ground Conversions flagship Type II ambulance built on a Ford Transit chassis. The name reflects the company promise that every unit is fully prepared for frontline service at delivery.

Rugged-X restraints

Durable Stryker cot restraints that meet crash safety standards for holding patients on the cot during ambulance transport.

Rust Proofing

Treatments applied to a vehicle body and module to slow oxidation, important for ambulances operating in wet climates and on treated winter roads.

R

Surface preparation

Sanding, filling, and chemically cleaning the module exterior before paint so the refinished surface adheres properly and flaws from years of service are not locked under new clearcoat.

Suspension Trauma Strap

A strap deployed from a safety harness that lets a suspended worker stand and relieve leg pressure until rescue.

Sway Bar

A torsion bar linking opposite wheels or axles that resists body roll during cornering. Heavier versions are often specified to stabilize loaded ambulances.

System function tests

Point by point checks that oxygen, suction, electrical, lighting, and communication systems work correctly at delivery.

System Status Management

A deployment strategy that moves ambulances among posts based on historical call demand so units are positioned where calls are likely to occur.

S

Tactical EMS (TEMS)

Medical providers trained and equipped to work with police SWAT teams, delivering care inside a perimeter during high risk operations.

Take-Down Lights

High intensity white lights at the front of the module used to illuminate a vehicle or scene ahead during traffic stops.

Taxi Cut Van

A wheelchair conversion van that retains forward passenger seating alongside wheelchair access, serving one wheelchair rider in paratransit duty.

Technical service bulletin (TSB)

A manufacturer notice describing a known issue and its repair procedure, used by shops to diagnose faults and guide warranty repairs.

Techni-Shield Defender

Barrier protection product used in Frazer Infectious Disease Units to shield crew members from patients during transport. It helps limit pathogen exposure inside the module.

Telematics

Technology that transmits vehicle data such as location, speed, idle time, and fault codes wirelessly to fleet software. It supports maintenance planning and utilization analysis.

Telescoping load frame

A cot frame section that extends and retracts to shorten the cot, improving maneuverability in tight spaces and clearance during ambulance loading.

Temperature Data Logger

A device that continuously records compartment or refrigeration temperatures for later review. It documents compliance for medication and blood product storage.

Terminal Block

An insulated junction where multiple wires connect to a common point, organizing power distribution and simplifying troubleshooting inside the module.

Thermostat

The control that senses compartment temperature and cycles heating or cooling to hold the temperature selected by the crew.

Third Party Remounter

Any organization other than the original builder that performs remount services. Frazer's warranty is void and non binding unless Frazer approves the third party remount beforehand.

Third Service EMS Agency

A standalone public EMS department operated separately from fire and police, typically a county or municipal agency with its own leadership.

Three Inch Base Frame Tubing

Frazer's 3 inch by 1.5 inch structural tubing used for the module base frame. It provides 12.5 percent more structural material than the 2 inch square tubing many builders use.

Three-Part Module Insulation

Frazer insulation package combining a radiant barrier, a sound dampening layer, and a thermal layer. It is applied to the roof, side walls, and doors for quiet, efficient climate control.

Three Stage IV Pole

A cot-mounted Stryker accessory that holds intravenous fluid bags at adjustable heights above the patient during transport.

Tie-In HVAC

A secondary heating and cooling system that connects into the vehicle existing coolant and airflow circuits rather than operating fully as a stand alone unit.

TipRESIST Advanced Stability Technology

A Ferno cot stability design that widens the effective base to resist tipping during patient transport, particularly at transport height.

Tire Pressure Monitoring System

An electronic system with wheel mounted sensors that display real time tire pressure and alert the driver to low or rapid loss situations. Federal law requires it on light duty vehicles.

Titan Basket Stretcher

A Ferno line of stainless steel and titanium basket stretchers for rescue situations where a patient must be enclosed and lifted.

Title 49 CFR

The federal transportation regulations covering motor vehicles and motor carriers, relevant to ambulance construction and operation.

Torsion Hinge Bench Seat

A bench seat design using torsion hinges so the seat lifts for storage access while hiding patient restraint straps beneath.

Total cost of ownership

The full cost of a unit over its life, including purchase price, financing, fuel, maintenance, repairs, and resale value.

Track stair chair

A stair chair fitted with continuous belt tracks that grip the stair edges, letting operators lower a seated patient without bearing the full load.

Trade cycle

The planned schedule for replacing units, balancing rising maintenance costs on older ambulances against the cost and depreciation of new ones.

Trade-in allowance

The credit a dealer applies toward a new purchase for the buyer's current ambulance, reducing the cash or financed amount needed.

Traffic Advisor

A row of lights that flashes in sequence to direct passing traffic to one side of a stopped ambulance at a roadway scene.

Transfer Sheet

A fabric sheet with handles placed under a patient so multiple rescuers can reposition or move the patient safely.

Transfer Switch

A control that selects between shore power, generator, and inverter sources so only one supply feeds the module electrical system at a time.

Transit High Roof

A taller Ford Transit body configuration that provides additional interior headroom for medics working in the patient compartment of a Type II ambulance.

Transit Roof Raise

An upfit process that raises or replaces the roof of a Ford Transit to increase interior standing height for medical or accessibility use.

Transit Upfit

Specialized outfitting of a Ford Transit van with emergency, medical, or accessibility equipment, converting a base commercial vehicle into a mission ready unit.

Transverse Cot Layout

Frazer Type I configuration that positions the cot crossways in the module. It creates a different workspace flow for services that prefer that arrangement.

Tread-Brite Stone Guards

Aluminum tread bright panels located on all four lower outside corners and above each rear wheel. They protect the module from stone and road debris damage.

Turning Radius

The diameter of the smallest circle a vehicle can turn within. A tighter radius improves maneuverability on narrow streets and driveways.

Two Post Retention System

A cot mounting design in which two fixed posts with latch mechanisms capture the cot frame, allowing single motion loading and unloading.

Type I Ambulance

A truck based ambulance with a modular patient compartment mounted behind a conventional cab. Most Type I units have no pass through between the cab and the module.

Type II Ambulance

A van based ambulance built on an integral van body, often with a raised roof. Its compact footprint suits transfers and services with narrow access routes.

Type III Ambulance

An ambulance built on a cutaway van chassis where the module connects to the cab. A pass through lets crew move between the cab and patient compartment.

Type III Remount

Reinstalling a refurbished Type III module onto a new cutaway chassis. The module is inspected, repaired, and updated before the body drop onto the new unit.

Type II Market Positioning

The strategy of promoting compact van ambulances as more maneuverable, fuel efficient, and lower cost to operate than larger Type I and Type III units.

Type II Remount

Transferring a used Type II interior or refitting a van based ambulance onto a new chassis, a less common practice than Type I and III remounts.

Type I Remount

The process of placing a refurbished Type I module onto a new cab and chassis. It costs less than a new unit while extending service life.

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Underbody Condenser

A condenser packaging option that mounts beneath the vehicle for protected airflow, with rooftop mounting also available for ambulance HVAC installations.

Undercoating

A protective coating applied to the frame and underside of a chassis to block road salt and moisture from causing structural rust.

Unistrut Adjustable Shelving

Exterior compartment shelving mounted on unistrut track so shelf positions adjust without drilling. It is standard on all Frazer exterior compartments.

Unit Availability

The share of an agency's fleet that is staffed, mechanically ready, and available for dispatch at a given time rather than out for repair.

Unit Hour Utilization (UHU)

A productivity measure calculated as transports per hour that an ambulance is staffed and in service; higher values indicate busier units.

Unit Status Levels

Standard dispatch states such as available, en route, on scene, transporting, at hospital, and clear, used to track each ambulance in real time.

Universal Cot Mount

An adjustable mount designed to accept cots from multiple manufacturers without proprietary hardware. It preserves flexibility when a fleet changes cot brands.

Universal Floorplate

A floor plate that anchors Stryker Power-LOAD and Performance-LOAD fasteners to the ambulance floor as part of crash tested configurations.

Unwin 2-Part Track Lock

A two piece track and lock assembly sold by Ferno that retains the cot undercarriage in a floor mounted channel.

Upfit

The process of installing a body, module, and equipment onto a bare chassis. Upfitting converts a stock chassis into a finished working ambulance.

USB Charging Port

A low voltage charging outlet installed in the cab and patient compartment for crew phones, tablets, and medical monitoring accessories.

USDA Rural Development Grant

A federal program offering grants and loans to help rural communities and emergency services purchase equipment and vehicles.

USDOT

The United States Department of Transportation, the federal department overseeing vehicle regulation and highway safety policy.

Used Ambulance Export Market

Overseas demand for retired ambulances, including remountable units and bare modules, where foreign buyers refurbish them for local service.

Utility Task Vehicle

A small off road vehicle used for event standby and rough terrain response. It carries limited gear and usually cannot transport a patient.

UV-C Air Purifier

Ceiling mounted ultraviolet purifier that disinfects breathable air inside the patient compartment. It is featured on Frazer Infectious Disease Units alongside surface disinfection options.

UV-C Surface Disinfection System

Ceiling mounted ultraviolet system that decontaminates interior surfaces of the patient compartment. It is standard equipment on the Frazer Infectious Disease Unit.

UV disinfection

Ultraviolet light systems installed in the compartment to supplement chemical cleaning and disinfection between patients.

UV Resistant Finish

A coating formulated with UV inhibitors that slows fading and chalk from sunlight exposure. It preserves graphics and painted surfaces on vehicles parked outdoors.

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VALORTech XD Antimicrobial Upholstery

Antimicrobial upholstery option on Valor EMT seating offered in Frazer Infectious Disease Units. It inhibits pathogen growth on seat surfaces between cleanings.

Vendor prequalification

A screening process where vendors submit experience, references, and financial data before bidding, so only qualified firms receive solicitation documents.

Ventilator mount

A bracket that secures a transport ventilator near the head of the cot, isolating it from crash forces and vibration.

VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds)

Airborne chemicals off gassed from materials and equipment, which ion generators and filtration in ambulance HVAC systems are designed to neutralize.

Voltage Drop

The loss of electrical potential along a conductor under load, kept low in ambulance builds through proper wire gauge and short runs.

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Warning lighting compliance update

Bringing the remounted unit's warning light layout and flash patterns up to current SAE and state requirements, which may differ from the standards the module was built under.

Warning Light System

The coordinated set of flashing and steady lights that identifies the ambulance as an emergency vehicle and alerts other drivers to its presence.

Warranty claim

A formal request to the manufacturer to repair a covered defect, processed through the dealer with documentation of the fault.

Warranty deductible

The amount the owner pays on a covered repair, if the warranty terms require one, with the balance paid by the manufacturer.

Warranty registration

Filing the new owner and in service date with the manufacturer so the warranty is on record before any claims are filed.

Warranty start date alignment

Coordinating chassis, module, and component warranty start dates around the in-service date so coverage clocks begin together and the buyer knows exactly when each expires.

Warranty transfer

Applying the remaining factory warranty to a second owner, such as when a remounted or used unit is sold to another agency.

Water intrusion history review

Checking the module for past leaks, stains, swelling, and mold that reveal water intrusion, because a wet history weakens structure and shortens the useful life of a remount.

Water intrusion test

A test that sprays water at the finished module to verify seals, doors, and joints do not leak into the interior.

Weatherproofing verification

Confirming the resealed module blocks rain, road spray, and wash water at doors, windows, lights, and joints before the remounted unit is returned to service.

Weight and balance

Weighing the completed ambulance axle by axle and comparing the results to chassis ratings and design targets.

Weight and balance retest

Re-weighing each axle of the completed remount with a representative load aboard to confirm weight distribution stays within the ratings and the unit handles safely.

Welded Cabinet Subframe

The fully welded frame that supports interior cabinetry, providing a rigid foundation that resists loosening and squeaks over long service life.

Wheelbase

The distance from the center of the front axle to the center of the rear axle. Longer wheelbases give a smoother ride but a wider turning circle.

Wheelbase matching

Selecting a new chassis whose wheelbase matches the original so the module mounting points, weight distribution, and door positions transfer without major structural modification.

Wheelchair Securement

The straps, track, and locking hardware that hold a wheelchair stationary inside a transport vehicle during driving to protect the seated passenger.

Wheelchair Van Conversion

A van modified with a lowered floor, ramp or lift, and securement hardware to safely transport passengers who remain seated in their wheelchairs.

Wheel Simulator

A polished stainless steel cover set that mimics the look of alloy wheels over steel duals or singles. It is a popular low maintenance appearance upgrade.

Wheel Well

The raised housing inside the compartment that covers the rear wheels. Interior layouts must work around wheel wells when placing cots and cabinets.

Whelen CenCom Core

Emergency warning light and siren control system used in Frazer vehicles. It consolidates lighting, siren, and accessory control into a single cab mounted control panel.

Whelen Exterior Lighting

Warning and scene lighting from Whelen fitted to the exterior of the RTR Type II, providing optical warning performance during emergency response.

Window Shade

A shade or blackout cover for module windows that provides privacy and blocks heat during treatment. Options include pleated, roll up, and insulated styles.

Wire Gauge

The American Wire Gauge size of a conductor, selected so each circuit can carry its load without excessive voltage drop or heat buildup.

Wiring Harness

A bundled assembly of wires and connectors that routes electrical power and signals throughout the ambulance body, built to resist chafing and simplify service.

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X-Frame cot

A cot design whose legs form a crossing X pattern when raised and lowered, allowing the undercarriage to collapse for loading into the ambulance.

Xpedition Powered Stair Chair

A Stryker powered stair chair, model 6257, that uses a powered track on stairs and folds to the same storage footprint as the Stair-PRO.

XPR Restraints

A Stryker restraint package option available on Power-PRO series cots for securing patients during transport and crash events.

XPS Siderails

An optional siderail package for Stryker Power-PRO cots that raises and lowers to help keep patients positioned on the cot surface.

X Restraints

Stryker shoulder restraints for cots, dynamically crash tested and used in Stryker retention configurations certified to SAE J3027.

XT Module

Frazer extended height module option that raises interior headroom by four inches. XT variants are available on both the 12 foot and 14 foot bodies.

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Zero Emission Idle System

A package of large battery storage and efficient appliances that runs the module with the engine off, producing no exhaust during standby.

Zero Wood Construction

A body building method that eliminates wood from structural components. Wood can rot and hold moisture, so removing it improves long term durability.

Zonar System

A branded fleet telematics platform combining GPS tracking, vehicle diagnostics, and inspection reporting. It is widely used by public fleets to monitor ambulance location and utilization.

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